Bladder Diverticulectomy- Urology

Bladder diverticulectomy is a type of surgery used to remove a bladder diverticulum. A bladder diverticulum a pouch-like structure protruding through the bladder. A person may have it at birth (congenital) or get it later (acquired).

The common causes of acquired diverticulum include:

• Blockages in the bladder outlet. It may occur due to a tumor or the scar tissues in a tube that carries urine out of the body. 
• A swollen prostate
• Malfunctioning of the bladder due to a nerve injury
• Infections

Bladder diverticulectomy may be necessary if a person has a tumor, treatment-resistant lower urinary tract symptoms, or repeated urinary tract infections.

Traditionally, the surgery is carried out by using the open method. However, laparoscopic and endoscopic techniques are becoming popular among surgeons worldwide.

Laparoscopy uses a long, thin tube called a laparoscope. Your doctor uses it to view and remove the diverticula. The endoscopic technique uses an endoscope, which is a long, illuminated tube-like instrument.

Notably, the size and location of the diverticula determine the choice of the technique.

Tests before Bladder Diverticulectomy

Before the surgery, your doctor may order several tests including:

• Urine test: This test shows if the person has urinary tract infection.
• Biopsy: Biopsy may be ordered to test the presence of tumor cells.
• Cystoscopy: Cystoscopy helps your doctor examine the inside of the bladder and urethra. This procedure uses a hollow tube fitted with a lens. The doctor inserts the tube into your urethra and slowly guides it up to the bladder. Your doctor may order a cystoscopy a few days after the surgery. This is done to test if leakage has occurred from the treated site.
• Ultrasound: Ultrasound of the bladder helps locate and determine the size of the diverticula. Also called diagnostic ultrasound, this technique uses sound waves to create moving images of the organs inside the body.

Sources:

• https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/003655998750014440?journalCode=isju19
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21299640
• https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5010633/
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1607551X09702591

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